See standard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "standard"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "standart"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "standart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estandart"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French estandart",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*standahard",
"lit": "standing firm",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "stable, fixed"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*standan",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *standan (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estandart, probably from Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "standards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stondard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "standart",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "standarte",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "standert",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "stondert",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
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"expansion": "standard",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standard (plural standards)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 9 9 9 10 9 3 3 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Flags",
"orig": "enm:Flags",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A standard; a flag identifying a military unit."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-lWzFSv8E",
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"flag",
"flag"
],
[
"identifying",
"identifying"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "enm:Construction",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A vertical pole or support."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-u1QgjRaE",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"vertical",
"vertical"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"qualifier": "espcially construction",
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(espcially construction) A vertical pole or support."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A tower (such as a water tower or siege engine)"
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-KXPPIuIO",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"water tower",
"water tower#English"
],
[
"siege engine",
"siege engine#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A large candlestick or its holder."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-BsdOGr1~",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"candlestick",
"candlestick"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A tall upright container (such as a chest or vessel)"
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-Xy-anYdm",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tall",
"tall"
],
[
"container",
"container"
],
[
"chest",
"chest#English"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)"
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-5hPNijP6",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
],
[
"coining",
"coining#English"
],
[
"cooking",
"cooking#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(rare) A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Forestry",
"orig": "enm:Forestry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"An uncut tree."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-w-Yl8uiV",
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"forestry",
"forestry"
],
[
"uncut",
"uncut"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(forestry, rare) An uncut tree."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"forestry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A reference for or exemplar of a standard measure."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-Imto--OC",
"links": [
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"measure",
"measure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A standard or exemplar."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-j-glHXRz",
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, rare) A standard or exemplar."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The primary dish in a course."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-ICecLj-g",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"primary",
"primary"
],
[
"dish",
"dish"
],
[
"course",
"course"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, rare) The primary dish in a course."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 12 12 12 12 13 1 2 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 11 11 11 11 11 3 3 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 10 10 10 10 10 3 3 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gorget; an armoured neckpiece."
],
"id": "en-standard-enm-noun-9w8Nrwq-",
"links": [
[
"gorget",
"gorget"
],
[
"armour",
"armour"
],
[
"neckpiece",
"neckpiece"
]
],
"qualifier": "armour",
"raw_glosses": [
"(armour, rare) A gorget; an armoured neckpiece."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stanˈdard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstandard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstandərd/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɔndard/",
"note": "influenced by stonden or dialectal variation between /a/ and /ɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɔndərd/",
"note": "influenced by stonden or dialectal variation between /a/ and /ɔ/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"word": "standard"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Flags",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Units of measure",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "standard"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "standart"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "standart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estandart"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French estandart",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*standahard",
"lit": "standing firm",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "stable, fixed"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*standan",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *standan (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estandart, probably from Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "standards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "standarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stondard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "standart",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "standarte",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "standert",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "stondert",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "standard",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "standard (plural standards)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A standard; a flag identifying a military unit."
],
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"flag",
"flag"
],
[
"identifying",
"identifying"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Construction"
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A vertical pole or support."
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"vertical",
"vertical"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"qualifier": "espcially construction",
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(espcially construction) A vertical pole or support."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A tower (such as a water tower or siege engine)"
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"water tower",
"water tower#English"
],
[
"siege engine",
"siege engine#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A large candlestick or its holder."
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"candlestick",
"candlestick"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A tall upright container (such as a chest or vessel)"
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tall",
"tall"
],
[
"container",
"container"
],
[
"chest",
"chest#English"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)"
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
],
[
"coining",
"coining#English"
],
[
"cooking",
"cooking#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(rare) A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Forestry"
],
"glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"An uncut tree."
],
"links": [
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"forestry",
"forestry"
],
[
"uncut",
"uncut"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any upright or supporting object:",
"(forestry, rare) An uncut tree."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"forestry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A reference for or exemplar of a standard measure."
],
"links": [
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"measure",
"measure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A standard or exemplar."
],
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard#English"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, rare) A standard or exemplar."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"The primary dish in a course."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"primary",
"primary"
],
[
"dish",
"dish"
],
[
"course",
"course"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, rare) The primary dish in a course."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A gorget; an armoured neckpiece."
],
"links": [
[
"gorget",
"gorget"
],
[
"armour",
"armour"
],
[
"neckpiece",
"neckpiece"
]
],
"qualifier": "armour",
"raw_glosses": [
"(armour, rare) A gorget; an armoured neckpiece."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stanˈdard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstandard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstandərd/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɔndard/",
"note": "influenced by stonden or dialectal variation between /a/ and /ɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɔndərd/",
"note": "influenced by stonden or dialectal variation between /a/ and /ɔ/",
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"word": "standard"
}
Download raw JSONL data for standard meaning in Middle English (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.